Nestled in the heart of Central Africa lies the Copperbelt a region rich in resources, history, and untapped potential. Spanning parts of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Copperbelt is more than just a mining hub; it is a symbol of industrial resilience and economic promise.
It is located in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and is a significant mineral-rich region, well-known for copper and cobalt mining.
The Copperbelt has been mined since at least the early 20th century, with industrial mining transforming the region and its surrounding areas. It’s a well-studied and documented area in terms of geology, mining history, and social impact.
For decades, the Copperbelt has been synonymous with copper mining, powering industries across the globe. Its vast mineral reserves have attracted international investment, driving infrastructure development and creating employment opportunities for thousands. Yet, beyond its economic contributions, the region holds stories of innovation, community, and transformation.
While the term “Copperbelt” is traditionally associated with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia, copper deposits are also present in West Africa, though generally in less concentrated forms and with varying levels of development and exploitation. These deposits represent potential economic opportunities but come with a range of environmental and social considerations.
Key areas include:
- Akjoujt in Mauritania.
- Nioro du Sahel to Sirakoro in Northern Mali.
- The Aïr Massif near Azelik and Agadez in Niger.
- Copper and lead workings have also been noted in the Benue Trough in southeastern Nigeria.
Historical context
Copper metallurgy has been practiced in West Africa for centuries, with evidence dating back to 2500 and 1500 BC in sites like Akjoujt, Mauritania. Historically, copper was used as a medium of exchange, status symbol, and for jewellery and ritual purposes. Trade networks linked West African copper sources with areas further afield, including Southern Morocco, Northwestern Mauritania, the Byzantine Empire, and Central Europe.
Economic and social impacts
Copper mining is a source of economic development, creating jobs and boosting national revenues. However, the industry faces challenges in some regions.
Despite challenges, Africa’s copper market is expected to grow, driven by global demand for copper in various industries, including renewable energy and electric vehicles. Foreign investment is playing a crucial role in expanding and modernizing mining operations. Sustainable and responsible mining practices are essential to mitigating the negative impacts of the industry and ensuring its long-term viability.
While the vast scale of the Central African Copperbelt in the DRC and Zambia often overshadows other regions, West African nations also possess copper resources with the potential to contribute to the global supply chain, provided the economic, environmental, and social challenges are addressed proactively and transparently.